descriptive text

 Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Structure Text (Generic Structure)

Descriptive text has its own rules in writing, including in the structure or composition of which must be written in order. If you are prompted to create descriptive text, then make sure the structure is as follows:

 1. Identification

 This section in the first paragraph - the goal  is to identify something to be described or depicted. Explanation easy, Identification serves to introduce the reader about the object or something that we have described before we tell about its properties. The goal is not to get one of those readers. 

 2. Description

This section in the second paragraph and so on - contains the properties inherent in something that you already introduced to the reader in the first paragraph. 

Characteristics Descriptive Text

These characteristics are important for you to take into account when  writing the descriptive text is not wrong. So make sure you use the  following features when using the genre will write descriptive text :

   1. Using the Simple Present Tense. 

Why use the simple present tense?  this is because we will describe a fact or truth that is attached to something or someone. And one of the functions of the simple present is to illustrate a fact or truth (eg fact: the sun is hot). Therefore, you should  always use the first form of the verb (verb-1). Your example will illustrate the properties of your new car: The color of my car is black, it can run up to 500 km / hour.

  2. Because of its function is to describe something by explaining its properties, then the text will be found many descriptive adjectives (adjective), as handsome, beautiful, tall, small, big, or if the adjective is derived from the verb, then you will find additional -ve, -ing, -nt in tow,

 3. In the descriptive text we will often find Relating verb (copula) which is (as in characteristic number 1). In Indonesian is often interpreted as "is". Because the purpose or function descriptive text is to describe, then definitely we will often find the word was (is). His name is Andy (his name was Andy), his height is 160 cm (height is 160 cm).

procedure text

Soal Procedure Text 1
Ladies and Gentlemen, in case of emergency, take the life jacket which is located under your seat.
Put the life jacket over your head and then fasten the jacket tapes around you’re your waist.
Do not inflate the jacket until you left the aircraft. The jacket will be automatically inflated by pulling a cord, but if not, you can blow into the chip to inflate it.
A light is attached to the jacket for attracting attention. The life jacket should be removed only in case of emergency.
The use of TV set, AM and FM radios and radio cassettes recorders, walkman, and any mobile phones are prohibited on board as they interfere the communication and navigational system.
We wish you an enjoyable flight.

1. Where is the life jacket located?
A. Over the head
B. Around the waist.
C. Outsite the aircraft.
D. In the back of the seat.
E. Under the seat.

2. What can interfere the navigatioanl system
A. Table.
B. The life jacket.
C. Mobile phones
D. The attached light.
E. Tapes around the waist.

Soal Procedure Text 2
A quick and easy cheese cake recipe
Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes

Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs. Stir in chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup mini semi sweet chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

3. How many persons is the cake for?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2

4. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .
A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips

4. The text is called a/an . . . . .
A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof

Soal Procedure Text 3
How to make a Cheese Omelet
Ingredients:
1 egg, 50 g cheese, 1 cup milk, 3 tablespoons cooking oil, a pinch of salt and pepper.

Utensils:
Frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese-grater, bowl, and plate.

Method:
• Crack the egg into a bowl
• Whisk the egg with a fork until it’s smooth
• Add milk and whisk well
• Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir
• Heat the oil in frying pan
• Turn the omelet with spatula and cook both sides
• Place on a plate, season with salt and pepper

5. The text above belongs to……
A. narrative
B. Procedure
C. news item
D. Spoof
E. recount

Procedure text

 Questions

Ladies and Gentlemen, in case of emergency, take the life jacket which is located under your seat.
Put the life jacket over your head and then fasten the jacket tapes around you’re your waist.
Do not inflate the jacket until you left the aircraft. The jacket will be automatically inflated by pulling a cord, but if not, you can blow into the chip to inflate it.
A light is attached to the jacket for attracting attention. The life jacket should be removed only in case of emergency.
The use of TV set, AM and FM radios and radio cassettes recorders, walkman, and any mobile phones are prohibited on board as they interfere the communication and navigational system.
We wish you an enjoyable flight.

1. Where is the life jacket located?
A. Over the head
B. Around the waist.
C. Outsite the aircraft.
D. In the back of the seat.
E. Under the seat.

2. What can interfere the navigatioanl system
A. Table.
B. The life jacket.
C. Mobile phones
D. The attached light.
E. Tapes around the waist.

Soal Procedure Text 2
A quick and easy cheese cake recipe
Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes

Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs. Stir in chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup mini semi sweet chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

3. How many persons is the cake for?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2

4. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .
A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips

4. The text is called a/an . . . . .
A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof

Soal Procedure Text 3
How to make a Cheese Omelet
Ingredients:
1 egg, 50 g cheese, 1 cup milk, 3 tablespoons cooking oil, a pinch of salt and pepper.

Utensils:
Frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese-grater, bowl, and plate.

Method:
• Crack the egg into a bowl
• Whisk the egg with a fork until it’s smooth
• Add milk and whisk well
• Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir
• Heat the oil in frying pan
• Turn the omelet with spatula and cook both sides
• Place on a plate, season with salt and pepper

5. The text above belongs to……
A. narrative
B. Procedure
C. news item
D. Spoof
E. recount

Exercise

Do practice 1-10 in part 1 from the module above!

Attach the photo the exercises in your blog!

Practice 1: Name the following tools. Then, match the description (function) of each.

Picture Number  

1. Blender         

Sentence Number

c. An electric mixing machine used in food preparationlequefying, chooping and pureeing ingridients.

Picture Number  

2. Laptop

Sentence Number

e. A computer that is portable and suitable for use while traveling.

Picture Number 

3. Rice Cooker

Sentence Number

b. An automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.

Picture Number 

4. Printer

Sentence Number

d. A device that accepts text and graphic output rom a computer and transform information to paper.

Picture Number

5. Toaster

Sentence Number 

a. An electrical device for making toast.

Practice 2:

1) First, you will read silently to understand the procedure texts below. Make sure that you know the meaning of every word. If you find some words that you do not understand their meaning yet. Then, consult the dictionary.

•  Align : Meluruskan

•  Rinse : Membilas

2) Second, read each text (text 1 and 2) loudly as if you are giving the instructions and take a note on your book. If possible, record your voice.

Practice 3: Read those texts (Text 1 and 2) one more time then answer these questions.

a. What are those texts about?

•》 The text is about the information on how to insert simcard cellphone and how to cook rice in a rice cooker.

b. Who will probably need to read read the texts?

•》Everyone who has cellphone and everyone who will cook rice in rice cooker will need to read this text.

c. What are the purpose of the texts?

•》The purpose of each text is to tell how something is done / accomplished through the sequence of steps.

d. What is the benefit of reading the texts?

•》 The benefit of reading this text is the readers will know how to insert simcard cellphone and how to cook using rice 

cooker.

Practice 4: Read text 1 then analize its structure using this table.

Parts of the Text : 

• Goal : To tell how to insert sim card cellphone
• Materials/tools (not required for all prosedurs text).

Step :

1. First of all, press the locking catch

and slide the cover then lift it off the phone.

2. After that, push two catches in the

opposite directions and remove the battery.

3. Next, slide the SIM card carefully into the slot and make sure that the golden connect arson are facing to the connector of the phone.

4. Then, put the battery and align it until snaps into its 

place.

5. Finally, insert the two catches of the back cover corresponding slot in the phone and slide the cover forward button of the phone until locks into place

Functions of the Parts : 

• Showing the purpose of the text
• Telling the material needed
• Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Text 2

Parts of the Text :

• Goal : To tell how to cook rice in a rice cooker

• Materials/tools (not required for all prosedurs text) 

Step :

1. First, rinse a cup of rice in cold water. Rub the rice softly under the running

water. Do not rub the rice too long, because it will lose the nutrients. Wash the

rice once again. Then drain the water from the rice.

2. Next, add a cup of water. If you cook rice using an electronic rice cooker, pay

attention to the water ratio. The rice and the water ratio is usually 1 part rice

to 1 part water.

3. Then, place the cooking pot in the rice cooker properly. Cover the pot. Select

the cooking button right after the light on the rice cook cook turns.

4. Finally, when the rice has been cooked and is resilent , flip through the rice

very gently using a rice spatula

Functions of the Parts :

• Showing the purpose of the text
• Telling the material needed
• Describing the steps to achieve the purpose 

Practice 5: Read text again then analize its structure using this table.

Example:

Text 1

To compose a prosedur text , you will need :

• Present Tenses (imperatives)

1. e.g Press the locking catch

2. Put the battery

3. Do not use ammonia in the same wash.

4. Slide the cover forward button of the phone

• Action Verbs

1. e.g Push, insert, remove

• Number to show the sequences

1. e.g First, second, third, ...
2. 1,2,3,4,5, ...
3. At first, then, next

• Adverb

1.  e.g slowly, usually, warmly.finally,...

Text 2

To compose a prosedur text , you will need :

• Present Tenses (imperatives)

1. e.g rinse a cup of rice in cold water
2. add a cup of water
3. place the cooking pot in the rice cooker properly
4. flip through the rice very gently using a rice spatula

• Action Verbs

1. e.g rince, add, flip, cook

• Number to show the sequences

1. e.g 1,2,3,4, ....
2. first, then, next, finally, ...

• Adverb

1.  e.g softly, usually, properly, gently

How to Use Glue Gun

1. First, check and clean the glue gun from any old glue clogging in the nozzle.

2. Second, put the glue stick into the gun nozzle.

3. Third, insert the plug into the electricity socket.

4. Fourth, prepare a sheet of paper and put the glue gun on it.

5. Fifth, wait until the gun get warmer.

6. Sixth, squeeze the trigger gently to check if the glue stick has changed into liquid form.

7. Finaly, you can apply it on any surface that you want to stick by using this glue gun.

 

Practice 6: Read text above carefully. Then, complete the following table.

Questions :

• Text: How to Use Glue Gun
• Topic : how to use glue gun
• Target reader : people who will use glue gun
• Purpose : telling how to use glue gun through a sequence of actions
• Benefit : the readres get information to use glue gun.

Practice 7: Read the text once more. Then, analize its structure by completing this table.

Parts of the text :

• Goal : how to use glue gun.
• Materials/tools needed: glue sticks and glue gun

Functions of the parts :

• Showing the purpose of the text
• Telling the material needed
• Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Step :

1. First, check and clean the glue gun from any old glue clogging in the nozzle.

2. Second, put the glue stick into the gun nozzle.

3. Third, insert the plug into the electricity socket.

4. Fourth, prepare a sheet of paper and put the glue gun on it.

5. Fifth, wait until the gun get warmer.

6. Sixth, squeeze the trigger gently to check if the glue stick has changed into liquid form.

7. Finaly, you can apply it on any surface that you want to stick by using this glue gun.

 

Practice 8: Read the text. Then, analize its grammatical feautres using this table.

Grammatical Features :

• Imperative
• check and clean the glue gun, put the glue
• stick into the gun nozzle
• Action Verb
• check, clean, put
• Connective
• first, finally
• Adverbgently.

 

Practice 9: Read Text 3 below then answer following the questions. Handwrite your complete answers on your notebook.

Questions:

a. What is the text about?

: The text is about how to operate ATM

b. Who might be interested in reading this text?

: Yes, i interested

c. What is the purpose of writing this text?

: The purpose of the text is to tell how to operate ATM

d. What is the benefit of reading this text?

: We will know how to operate ATM

e. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

: Step to operate ATM

f. Mention 3 words from the text that are not familiar for you!

: frequently, regardless, associated

Practice 10: Compare the two texts (Text 1 and 2) above by telling their similarities and the differences in the following grid.

Similarities :

• Social Function : To inform the way how to..

• Text Structure : Goal, step

• Grammatical Features : Present tense action verb adverb

Differences :

• Social Function : Text 1 : To inform the way to use a blender ; Text 2 : To inform the way how to pass in the interview

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Part 2

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Examples of Procedure Text

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :
– 2
spoons of sugar
– one
spoon of coffee powder
– hot
water
– a cup
– a
spoon

PROCEDURE :
1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.
2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
3. Pour some hot water into the cup.
4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

Proedure text

 

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Examples of Procedure Text

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :
– 2
spoons of sugar
– one
spoon of coffee powder
– hot
water
– a cup
– a
spoon

PROCEDURE :
1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.
2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
3. Pour some hot water into the cup.
4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

My Video 

Exercise

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Part 2

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

news item 3

 Definition 

As the name implies, news item text can be said as writing that resembles a news item. This paper tells an event or events in a short, sequential, complete, and made interesting. The events or events that are written are certainly not arbitrary, but must be newsworthy or important.

The content of the news item must have great value as it is known by many people or can affect something big. If this can be met, then an article can be said as news item text. Exactly in writing a news, the content of this text must also be trusted and in the form of facts.

Sources can also be included in writing, for example from eyewitnesses, journals, and even expert opinions.

Generic Structure

There are three important structures that you should pay attention to if you want to create posts with news item text. Among others are:

Newsworthy event

This section can also be referred to as the main event or the main event that you want to write in a text.

Usually, information in the form of events or events is in the form of a summary with an easy-to-understand core.

Background event

Background event or the background of an event must be written as clearly as possible in a news.

The background must have 5W + 1H to make it easier for readers to understand the context of the writing. Do not let you confuse readers with incomplete backgrounds and even make the writing unreportable.

Source

Is a source that you need to include in an article. In writing a source you must pay attention to the authenticity or validity of the source. Sources can be taken from scientific journals, eye witnesses, or published expert opinions.

Format in News Item Text

• Focus on the point. Do not let long-winded writing that will actually eliminate an important part of a news. Try to write in good and correct language and easy to understand.
• Usually use quotes from sources. Such as: informed, told, reported, “….” he stated, and others.
• Get in the habit of informing the name of the place where an event takes place at the beginning of the sentence. For example: Bekasi, Jakarta, and others.
• Usually, the grammar used in writing news is past tense because the news usually has already happened. If it is still ongoing, you can write it in the present tense.
• Try to write short, concise, and clear, especially in the headline.

Example 

President Donald Trump will bring the “full force” of the U.S. government to combat human trafficking.

WASHINGTON (AP) — The president is meeting with senior advisers and representatives of organizations that deal with trafficking at the White House. His daughter is among those in attendance.

Trump calls “human trafficking” a problem that is “not talked about enough.” He said that he would order the departments of Justice and Homeland Security to take a hard look at the resources they were devoting to addressing the issue.

Human trafficking tends to occur around international travel-hubs with large immigrant populations such as California and Texas. The U.S. Justice Department estimates that 14,500–17,500 people, including young children and teenagers, are trafficked into the country every year. They can be domestic citizens or foreign nationals. According to the Department of State’s statistics from 2000, there are approximately 244,000 American children and youth that are at risk for sex trafficking each year.