passive voice

 

Passive voice is a grammatical construction (grammatical form) in which the subject sentence does not take action, but instead receives action (as a receiver of action ). The action is followed up by  another agent (as a doer of action ) who can be mentioned or not. In contrast to the active voice , the subject is directly related to the verb  by acting as the actor of the action. Active sentences may be changed to passive, especially active sentences that use a transitive verb (need to be followed by a  direct object ).

 

Passive Voice function

In English lessons, passive voice is a sentence whose function is often underestimated. In fact, there are several functions of the passive voice that are crucial and cannot be replaced by the active voice. If you use active when passive is needed, you gonna embarrass yourself! You can see more about the passive voice function as follows.

To explain sentences where the subject is an inanimate object

The first function of the passive voice is to explain sentences whose subject cannot do a verb. Or in short, if the subject is an inanimate object. What is meant by inanimate objects here is not only physical objects, but also abstract objects, such as thoughts, values, feelings, and the like.

To Describe an Event for which the Perpetrator is Unknown

The second function of the passive voice is to explain a sentence whose subject is not known with certainty. Due to this, the object of the final sentence has to be the subject in order for the sentence to be understood.

To describe an event whose object is more important than the subject

The third function of the passive voice is to describe events that focus on the object, not on the subject. This means that the object of the sentence is much more important to discuss than the subject.

To Describe Two Events in One Sentence

Well, here comes the passive voice function that people rarely talk about! The passive voice can be used in sentences that want to include two or more verbs. One goal: so that the sentence sounds varied.

The passive voice is  formed from the auxiliary verb and past participle (verb-3).

Auxiliary verbs  used in passive voice can be:

·         primary auxiliary verb  "be" (is, are, am, was, were),

·         a combination of two primary auxiliary verbs  (is / are being, was / were being, has / have been), or

·         combination of  primary auxiliary verb and  modal auxiliary verb  (will be, will have been)

 

The  past participle used is a transitive verb . Past participles are  obtained by adding -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne to the  base form, which  are  regular verbs . In the  base form, it is  an  irregular verb , the  past participle  is inconsistent.

Writing letter

 

Writing Letter

September 06, 2020

Definition of Letter (Letter)

A letter is a written message from one party to another containing information' means Letter is a written message from one of the other parties that contains information. Its functions cover five areas: means of notifications, requests, thoughts and ideas; written evidence; reminder; historical evidence; and work guidelines.

Type of Letter (Letter)

Types of letters can be divided into three, namely personal letters, official letters, and official letters.

Personal letter

Personal letter is a type of letter containing personal needs which is usually written personally and addressed to another person using non-standard language. Private letters have no binding rules and personal letters can be written according to the taste of each author.

Characteristics of a Personal Letter

Personal letters have at least the following 5 characteristics:

1. Does not have letterhead

2. Do not have a letter number

3. Greetings and greetings vary widely and are more casual, non-formal in nature

4. Use of free language (not standard) according to the author's wishes

5. Free letter format

Official letter

Official letter is a letter made by a certain agency, organization or company institution addressed to a certain person or other institution. The existence of these agencies, institutions, organizations and companies is legally authorized. Examples of official letters are official letters, commercial letters, and social letters.

The characteristics of an official letter

use effective sentences; simple, concise, clear, polite and attractive.

use standard language according to refined spelling (EYD) both spelling, vocabulary, and grammar.

The presentation uses the form of full block, semi block or indented block.

Using letterhead.

Listed letter number, attachments, and subject.

Usually includes a stamp or stamp.

Service Letter

Official letter is a letter issued by a certain agency. In other words, official letters are letters that are used as a means of communication within an agency or between agencies. An official letter is also called an official letter because this letter can clearly be accounted for for its authenticity.

Characteristics of an official letter

1. Has a head or letterhead, which is the name and address of a certain agency.

2. Have a date, and letter number.

3. Has a subject, namely the purpose of the letter and attachments.

4. Has a certain agency stamp on the signature section.

5. Using standard language.

6. May have a copy.

3.Part Letter (Letter)

 Personal letter

The private mail section is:

1. Place, date, month, year of writing of the letter

2. Mailing address

3. Greetings

4. The opening sentence

5. Fill in the letter

6. Closing sentence

7. Closing greetings

8. Signature

9. Name of the sender

Official letter

The official letter sections are:

Greetings

opening paragraph

content of letter

cover letter

closing

sender's signature

copy

Service Letter

The official letter is:

Letterhead

Letter date

Number

Appendixr.

Subject / thing

Address.

Greetings

Contents

Closing greetings / position

Name

Copy

Initials

4. Sample Letter (Letter)

Personal letter

Exposition

 

Exposition Text

Agustus 28, 2020

 Hello everyone. Today I will explain a little about the material Exposition Text.

Definition:

Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

Purposes:

     1. To persuade the readers that idea is important matter. 

     2. To persuade the readers or listeners that there is something that, certainly, needs to get attention

     3. To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion is correct and supported by arguments

Type of Exposition Text

There are two kinds of exposition, analytical exposition (argumentative) and hortatory exposition (persuasion).

1.      Analytical exposition
analytical exposition is a text that elaborates the writers idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the readers that the idea is important matter.
Ægeneric structure :
-          Thesis : introducing the topic  and indicating the writer’s              
              Position.
-          Argument :explaining the arguments to support the writer
                    Position.
-          Reiteration : restating the writer’s position
ÆLanguage feature :
-          Using relational process.
-          Using connecting words.
-          Using  present tenses.

2.      Hortatory exposition
Hortatory exposition is a written English text in which the writer persuades people that something should/should not be the case.  The function of the hortatory exposition is to persuade the reader that something should or should not be the case.
Ægeneric structure
-          Thesis : announcement of issue of concern.
-          Arguments : reasons for concern, leading to the recommendation.
-          Recommendation : statement of what ought or ought not to happened.

  Æ language feature

-          Using mental process
-          Using Material process
-          Using relational process

-          Using  present tenses

Opinion and thought

OPINION and THOUGHT

- Juli 26, 2020

 

Opinion is including the words of opinion and argument/ reasons.

Asking opinion:

1. Giving Opinions:

• As far as I’m concerned …
• In my opinion … In my view …
• From my point of view …
• The way I see it is (that) …
• To my mind …
• Well, I reckon (that) …
• I (strongly) believe (that) …
• I (honestly) think (that) …
• I (really) feel (that) …
• Personally speaking, I believe …
• As for me, I reckon …
• In my opinion/In my humble opinion
• I reckon/suppose
• I know
• May I?
• If you ask me
• If I were you
• To be honest
• I could be wrong, but
• I’m no expert, but
• Personally

2. Asking Opinions:

• What do you think/reckon?
• do you see what I’m getting at?
• Do you know/see what I mean?
• Do you agree with me?
• Would you go along with that?
• Would you agree with me that … ?
• What are your thoughts on that?
• Don’t you think (that) … ?

Agreeing with an Opinion

• Of course.
• This is absolutely right.
• I agree with this opinion.
• I couldn't agree more.
• I agree with what you are saying.
• I agree, I never thought of that.
• Neither do I.
• That's a good point.
• I think so too.

Disagreeing with an opinion

• I am sorry, I don't agree with you.
• I am not sure I agree with you.
• I don't agree with you.
• I am afraid I have to disagree with you.
• I do not believe that.
• By this I mean.....
• I disagree with you.
• I think you are wrong.
• That's not the same thing at all.
• It is not justified to say so.
• I am not convinced that.....
• I can't say I agree with this, and here's why.....

GENERIC STRUCTURE

subject	Verb	object
I	Agree	With what you are saying.
We	Believe	This is not the right way to handle things.
I	Reckon	This could be right considering the reasons you have provided
I	Agree	That I didn’t look at it from this perspective.
I	Doubt	That this is possible
We	Assume	You are biased on this issue
I	Don’t agree	With you
I	Think	You are mistaken
I	Think	So too

           LEXICOGRAMMATICAL

No.	Language component	Contain
1	Personal pronoun
	(subject)	I, we, they, you
	(object)	You. it
2	verb	Agree, believe, reckon, doubt, assume, think
3	noun	Say, way, thing, reason, issue
4	adverb	Possible, mistaken

Tugas intro eibel 11 ipa 2

Hi!

It’s been awhile since I did something in my blog. Today I’m going to tell about my activities at home. 3 months ago, I’m confused, because usually when I’m home and have nothing to do, I usually go out with my friends. But, since there is a pandemic, it can’t be helped. So I started a new hobby, that is reading. So far, I had finished 2 books. Not only that, I started again my old hobby, jogging.

I don’t usually play games, it’s kind of boring on my age. Maybe also sometimes I watched movies, but not always. But even so, my weight didn’t go up a bit, unlike most people. Maybe that’s all I can say, thank you for reading. Have a great day!

Sincerely, Eibelhttps://www.blogger.com/blogger45

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Doing verbs

-asked

-looked

-said

-raised

-bullied

-started

-achored

-reached

-viewed

-arrived

-swalloed, jabbed

-stabbed

-invited

-climbed.